网络编程
什么是计算机网络
eg:信封 写信 讲述包的概念(对方的信息,地址;自己的地址)
eg:
打电话 --连接-- 接了 --通话 TCP
发短信 --发送了就完事了 --接受 UDP
计算机网络
计算机网络(英语:computer network),通常也简称网络,是指容许节点分享资源的数字电信网络[1]:1-3。在电脑网络,电脑设备会透过节点之间的连接(数据链路)互相交换数据。传输介质可分为有线及无线两类——有线的可用到双绞线、光纤电缆等介质[1]:1-4;无线则可用到Wi-Fi、NFC[2]:4-32。
网络编程的目的
无线电台 传播交流信息 数据交换 通信
要达到效果所需的
- 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机 eg:
192.168.16.124
: 端口 ,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源 - 找到这个主机,如何传输数据? 传输介质
javaweb:网页编程
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的两个要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- eg:
192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP 参考模型
- 网络编程中两个主要的问题
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
- 网络编程的要素
- IP 和 端口号 ip
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
- 万物皆对象 ---Java
IP地址
IP地址:InetAddress
-
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
-
127.0.0.1 : 本机localhost
-
ip地址的分类
- IPv4/IPv6
- IPv4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。 0~255,42亿个;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿;2011年用尽IPv4
- IPv6
fe80::d06b:cf88:8c85:7e09%9
128位;8个无符号整数!
eg:2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1321
- 公网(互联网) 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xxx.xxx 专门给组织内部使用的
- IPv4/IPv6
-
域名:IP地址不容易记忆,用域名更方便
eg:我的blog域名为www.kok-s0s.top
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
//查询我的blog地址
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.kok-s0s.top");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口Port
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
-
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
-
规定范围 0~65535 * 2 可以 TCP:80 UDP:80 同时存在,但单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
-
端口分类
-
公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP : 80
- HTTPS : 443
- FTP : 21
- Telent : 23
-
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序
- Tomcat : 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle : 1521
-
动态,私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl + Shift + ESC #快速打开任务管理器
-
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
}
}
通信协议
协议:约定,好比人们之间交流使用的普通话一样
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制······
问题:有很多复杂的问题
能够大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:一组协议
重要:
-
TCP:用户传输协议
-
UDP:用户数据报协议
-
IP:网络互联协议
TCP与UDP的对比:
TCP:打电话
-
连接,稳定
-
‘三次握手’ ‘四次握手’
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B: 瞅你咋地? A: 干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗? B: 你真的要走了! A:我真的要走了!
-
客户端 服务端
-
传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
TCP实现聊天
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket=null;
OutputStream os=null;
try {
//1. 要知道服务器的地址
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2. 创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3. 发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("kok-s0s,你好".getBytes());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接受用户的消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1. 客户端想知道我的地址,那我需要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) {
//2. 等待客户端请求连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3. 读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭资源
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
TCP文件上传实现
下面的代码没有做异常处理
服务端
package lesson02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2. 监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3. 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端 接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5. 关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2. 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("kok-s0s.jpg"));
//4. 写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//传输已经完毕了
//确定服务器接受完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2 = 0;
while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5. 关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S :Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP消息发送
发消息:无需连接,但需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpA {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2. 建个包
String msg = "hello,服务器!";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据,数据的长度 起始 要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3. 发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4. 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收端
package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//接受方 需要等待客户端的连接,eg:类似取快递,要有固定地址才能送货
public class UdpB {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
UDP聊天实现
发送方循环发送
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSender {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("cool"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
接受方循环接受
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiver {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开链接 byebye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("cool"))
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
UDP多线程在线聊天
线程Sender
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int formPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int formPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.formPort = formPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(formPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye"))
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
线程Receiver
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接受包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
//断开链接 byebye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye"))
break;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
girl
package chat;
public class TalkA {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "boy")).start();
}
}
boy
package chat;
public class TalkB {
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "girl")).start();
}
}
URL下载网络资源
url:统一资源定位符,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
# 可以少但不能多
package lesson04;
//http://localhost:8080/kok-s0s/hello.txt
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/kok-s0s/index.jsp?username=kok-s0s&password=123");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
下载音乐
package lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1. 下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210330161559/0adf1c364da84a4b3b8d39adbbe7ee39/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7449465886/c45e/1cfa/63cc/e64fb7fc577f4ab0892b23ba6a7f6632.m4a");
//2. 连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("ado.mp3");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len); //写出这个资源
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}