网络编程
什么是计算机网络
eg:信封 写信 讲述包的概念(对方的信息,地址;自己的地址)
eg:
打电话 --连接--        接了     --通话             TCP
发短信 --发送了就完事了   --接受             UDP
计算机网络
计算机网络(英语:computer network),通常也简称网络,是指容许节点分享资源的数字电信网络[1]:1-3。在电脑网络,电脑设备会透过节点之间的连接(数据链路)互相交换数据。传输介质可分为有线及无线两类——有线的可用到双绞线、光纤电缆等介质[1]:1-4;无线则可用到Wi-Fi、NFC[2]:4-32。
网络编程的目的
无线电台 传播交流信息 数据交换 通信
要达到效果所需的
- 如何准确定位网络上的一台主机     eg:192.168.16.124: 端口 ,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到这个主机,如何传输数据? 传输介质
javaweb:网页编程
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的两个要素
如何实现网络的通信?
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- eg:192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP 参考模型
- 网络编程中两个主要的问题- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
 
- 网络编程的要素- IP 和 端口号 ip
- 网络通信协议 udp,tcp
 
- 万物皆对象 ---Java
IP地址
IP地址:InetAddress
- 
唯一定位一台网络上计算机 
- 
127.0.0.1 : 本机localhost 
- 
ip地址的分类 - IPv4/IPv6- IPv4 127.0.0.1 4个字节组成。 0~255,42亿个;30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿;2011年用尽IPv4
- IPv6   fe80::d06b:cf88:8c85:7e09%9128位;8个无符号整数!
 eg:2001:0bb2:aaaa:0015:0000:0000:1aaa:1321
 
- 公网(互联网)  私网(局域网)- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xxx.xxx 专门给组织内部使用的
 
 
- IPv4/IPv6
- 
域名:IP地址不容易记忆,用域名更方便 
 eg:我的blog域名为www.kok-s0s.top
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试ip
public class TestInetAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            //查询本机地址
            InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            System.out.println(inetAddress1);
            //查询我的blog地址
            InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.kok-s0s.top");
            System.out.println(inetAddress2);
            //常用方法
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());
            System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}端口Port
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
- 
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件! 
- 
规定范围 0~65535 * 2 可以 TCP:80 UDP:80 同时存在,但单个协议下,端口号不能冲突 
- 
端口分类 - 
公有端口 0~1023 - HTTP : 80
- HTTPS : 443
- FTP : 21
- Telent : 23
 
- 
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配给用户或者程序 - Tomcat : 8080
- MySQL : 3306
- Oracle : 1521
 
- 
动态,私有:49152~65535 netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程 Ctrl + Shift + ESC #快速打开任务管理器
 
- 
package lesson01;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress());
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort());//端口
    }
}通信协议
协议:约定,好比人们之间交流使用的普通话一样
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制······
问题:有很多复杂的问题
能够大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议簇:一组协议
重要:
- 
TCP:用户传输协议 
- 
UDP:用户数据报协议 
- 
IP:网络互联协议 
TCP与UDP的对比:
TCP:打电话
- 
连接,稳定 
- 
‘三次握手’ ‘四次握手’ 最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B: 瞅你咋地? A: 干一场! A:我要走了 B:你真的要走了吗? B: 你真的要走了! A:我真的要走了!
- 
客户端 服务端 
- 
传输完成,释放连接,效率低 
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端,没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- DDOS:洪水攻击!(饱和攻击)
TCP实现聊天
客户端
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Socket socket=null;
        OutputStream os=null;
        try {
            //1. 要知道服务器的地址
            InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            int port = 9999;
            //2. 创建一个socket连接
            socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
            //3. 发送消息 IO流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("kok-s0s,你好".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}服务器
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接受用户的消息
package lesson02;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1. 客户端想知道我的地址,那我需要有一个地址
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            while (true) {
                //2. 等待客户端请求连接
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                //3. 读取客户端的消息
                is = socket.getInputStream();
                //管道流
                baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                int len;
                while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
                }
                System.out.println(baos.toString());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭资源
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}TCP文件上传实现
下面的代码没有做异常处理
服务端
package lesson02;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建服务
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
        //2. 监听客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
        //3. 获取输入流
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        //4. 文件输出
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        //通知客户端 接受完毕了
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        os.write("接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
        //5. 关闭资源
        os.close();
        fos.close();
        is.close();
        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}客户端
package lesson02;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 创建一个socket连接
        Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
        //2. 创建一个输出流
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
        //3. 读取文件
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("kok-s0s.jpg"));
        //4. 写出文件
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            os.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        //通知服务器我已经结束了
        socket.shutdownOutput();//传输已经完毕了
        //确定服务器接受完毕,才能够断开连接
        InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
        //String byte[]
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        int len2 = 0;
        while ((len2 = inputStream.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
            baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
        }
        System.out.println(baos.toString());
        //5. 关闭资源
        baos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        fis.close();
        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S :Java后台开发
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
UDP消息发送
发消息:无需连接,但需要知道对方的地址!
发送端
package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpA {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1. 建立一个Socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        //2. 建个包
        String msg = "hello,服务器!";
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;
        //数据,数据的长度   起始    要发送给谁
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //3. 发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //4. 关闭流
        socket.close();
    }
}接收端
package lesson03;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
//接受方  需要等待客户端的连接,eg:类似取快递,要有固定地址才能送货
public class UdpB {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //接收数据包
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
        //关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}UDP聊天实现
发送方循环发送
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class UdpSender {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        //准备数据:控制台读取
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        while (true) {
            String data = reader.readLine();
            byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
            socket.send(packet);
            if (data.equals("cool"))
                break;
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}接受方循环接受
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
public class UdpReceiver {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
        while (true) {
            //准备接受包裹
            byte[] container = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
            socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
            //断开链接 byebye
            byte[] data = packet.getData();
            String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
            System.out.println(receiveData);
            if (receiveData.equals("cool"))
                break;
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}UDP多线程在线聊天
线程Sender
package chat;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;
    private int formPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;
    public TalkSend(int formPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.formPort = formPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(formPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                if (data.equals("bye"))
                    break;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}线程Receiver
package chat;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;
    public TalkReceive(int port, String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                //准备接受包裹
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接受包裹
                //断开链接 byebye
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
                System.out.println(msgFrom + ":" + receiveData);
                if (receiveData.equals("bye"))
                    break;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}girl
package chat;
public class TalkA {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "boy")).start();
    }
}boy
package chat;
public class TalkB {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "girl")).start();
    }
}URL下载网络资源
url:统一资源定位符,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
# 可以少但不能多package lesson04;
//http://localhost:8080/kok-s0s/hello.txt
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/kok-s0s/index.jsp?username=kok-s0s&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); //协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());  //主机ip
        System.out.println(url.getPort());  //端口
        System.out.println(url.getPath());  //文件
        System.out.println(url.getFile());  //全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数
    }
}下载音乐
package lesson04;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
public class UrlDown {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        //1. 下载地址
        URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20210330161559/0adf1c364da84a4b3b8d39adbbe7ee39/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/7449465886/c45e/1cfa/63cc/e64fb7fc577f4ab0892b23ba6a7f6632.m4a");
        //2. 连接到这个资源  HTTP
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("ado.mp3");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
            fos.write(buffer, 0, len);  //写出这个资源
        }
        fos.close();
        inputStream.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
    }
}